Cosmic ray modulation potential (Phi) reconstructed from ground-based neutron-monitor data.

Dataset 1) Phi for 1964--2021 --> daily and monthly.

An updated reconstruction of daily and monthly modulation parameter Phi (in MV) from ground-based cosmic ray data since 1964: The modulation parameter corresponds to the local interstellar spectrum (LIS) of cosmic rays as provided by Vos and Potgieter (2015).

Full description of the procedure and the dataset can be found in (please use this reference to cite the dataset):

  • Vaisanen, P., I. Usoskin, R. Kahkonen, S. Koldobskiy, K. Mursula (2023) Revised Reconstruction of the Heliospheric Modulation Potential for 1964-2022, J. Geophys. Res. (Space Phys.) 128, e2023JA031352 doi: 10.1029/2023JA031352.

    Dataset 2) Phi since 1951 (continuously updated) --> monthly.

    The reference reconstruction of monthly modulation parameter Phi (in MV) from ground-based cosmic ray data since 1951 (continuously updated): in tabular and vector form. The modulation parameter corresponds to the LIS by Vos and Potgieter (2015)

    Full description of the procedure and the reference to these data can be found in (please use this reference to cite the dataset):

  • Usoskin, I.G., A. Gil, G.A. Kovaltsov, A. Mishev, V.V. Mikhailov (2017) Heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays during the neutron monitor era: Calibration using PAMELA data for 2006-2010, J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 122, 3875-3887 doi: 10.1002/2016JA023819

    Dataset 3) Phi since 1936 (continuously updated) --> monthly.

    Old reconstruction of monthly Phi (in MV) since 1936 (continuously updated for consistency): in tabular and vector form. The modulation parameter corresponds to LIS by Burger, Potgieter and Heber (2000).

    This dataset is outdated -- datasets 1 and 2 above are recommended for the use.

    Full description of the procedure and the reference to these data can be found in:

  • Usoskin et al., Heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays: Monthly reconstruction for 1951-2004, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12108, 2005.
  • Usoskin, I. G., G. A. Bazilevskaya, and G. A. Kovaltsov, Solar modulation parameter for cosmic rays since 1936 reconstructed from ground-based neutron monitors and ionization chambers, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A02104, 2011 (doi:10.1029/2010JA016105).
    References for the LIS
  • Vos, E.E., and M. S. Potgieter (2015) New modeling of galactic proton modulation during the minimum of solar cycle 23/24, Astrophys. J., 815, 119. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/119.
  • Burger, R. A., M. S. Potgieter, and B. Heber (2000), Rigidity dependence of cosmic ray proton latitudinal gradients measured by the Ulysses spacecraft: Implication for the diffusion tensor, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27,447.

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    Last modified 17.05.2023 by Ilya Usoskin